Digital Text Projects of Old Reformed
Theologians and the Westminster Divines
&
"...we do not live in 10 dimensions, but it is plausible that six of these dimensions could be rolled so tightly that they could not be observed in processes at energies below 10 GeV per particle...." (Steven Weinberg)
This sentence opens a mysterious realm in the origin of universe. (Y. K. Kim) Cf. the
figure or
supplementary figure1(02.Feb. 2017; 01.09.2017; 11.
07. 2018) in the
concept (11.Aug. 2017) with regard to the transition of differential constants
containing dimensions and forms (08.Feb.2018; 19 May 2018; 28 June 2018; 17
November 2018; 07 January 2019; 08 January 2019; 10 January 2019; 22 January
2019; 31 January 2019; 01 February 2019; 22 February 2019; 25 February 2019; 04 March 2019; 14 March 2019; 16 March 2019; 20 March 2019; 21 March 2019; 06 April 2019;13 April 2019; 18 December 2019; 30 September 2020) on the theoretical grounds of the creation
in the origin of our universe (Y.K. Kim, 08.Feb. 2015). For example, see
phases of the natural light (Y.K.Kim, 16 Dec. 2017;
01 Aug. 2018; 12 July 2020). Cf. also the recent geometric understandings of differential constants containing
dimensions and forms, and of their integrals. See also the total solution of
volume accounts in the multidimensional
forms, being independent of their surfaces, concepts of coordination, indefinite
integrals, or the time etc. (Y.K.Kim. 15 March 2021). In detail, cf. the mystery of numbers on any dimensional values having relation to the
precedent dimensional values, which should have been observed or exposed in the table of arithmetic logarithms (fluxions) since 1614 (Prof. Y.K.Kim, on 21 May 2022). Cf. also the comparative values (0 ~ 1) of integrals according to
multidimensional total solutions in the multidimensional
forms, being independent of their surfaces, concepts of coordination, indefinite
integrals, or the time etc. (Y.K.Kim. 29 October 2021).
As might be expected more of, we could discover the real dimension of our universe with reference of
the transition of basic volume values in multidimensional units (Y.K.Kim. 02 February 2022). See examples of
integral solutions(1) or
integral solutions(2)
in the transitions of forms (Y.K.Kim. 09 July 2022).
In respect to the comprehensive mathematical problems as above including conceptional representations of multidimensional coordinates, what has been misunderstood in the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox or Schroedinger's concept of entanglement might be regarded even again from a cuboid example about adverse components (as imaginary units) and entanglement in the necessary unit integrals(video added on 15 December 2022) of multidimensional forms(video added on 18 December 2022 ) (prof. Y.K.Kim, on 25 November 2022).
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Discovery
of a Higgs-like boson (10 sigma, 125.5
GeV, spin
0) (https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/AtlasPublic/WebHome) These events show the
possibility of electron production triggered directly by the space of
Higgs-like particles (Prof. Y.K.Kim, 20. April. 2013) |
"...die Beschleunigung, welche ein Schwerefeld einem Koerper verleiht, unabhaengig ist von dessen Natur. ..." (Albert Einstein) |
Author: Rev.Prof. Young Kyu Kim (a active member(invited) of NYAS,
AAAS and ACS)
Speaker:
Sun Shil Kim (a substitute for the author
not participating in the meetings of the Lord's day). Now the mp3 file is
freely available from ACS ( see http://www.softconference.com/ACSchem/slist.asp?C=4321,
Fuels, ... 29-02-0052).
Nota
bene! The non-enzymatic technology on the efficient bioconversion of biomass to
biofuels offered by this article was now celebrated as one of the presidental Green Chemistry Challenge Awards 2015 for a company
Renmatix on July 13 in a ceremony held in Washington, D.C., but the Korean
government, universities and companies throw a veil over it (Prof. Y.K.Kim).
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) can be synthesized directly from AMP (Adenosine monophosphate) without the intermediacy of biomolecular or genetic ligation enzymes.
Authors of a recent article ("Crystal
structure of a DNA catalyst", Nature (14 Jan. 2016) 529, 231-2340
state, "Although the role of metal ions remains unclear, these data are
consistent with the critical role of the non-bridging pro-Sp phosphate oxygen of dA13 in activating the 3'-OH
group to promote RNA ligation." However, a
recent experiment (20 Nov. 2015, unpublished data gained from Bruker Vertex 70
within the Bruker Optics Korea with help of Dr. Young Sup Roh in the computer
program control, as an example of strong evidence for the direct synthesis
of ATP from AMP to be advanced without the interactions of enzymatic complexes
in the inner living organisms, 31.Jan. 2018) proves that ATP can
be sythesized more directly from AMP than from ADP by
the supply of ultra pure water and phosphate acid
within the cellulose polymer linked to the anode and cathodes (coated by
fluorine resin) of electrode potential difference (31 March 2016).
In supporting this, the following result might be cited cautiously:
"Initialization of H+ pumping into the vesicle lumen was
triggered by the addition of ATP and Mg2+, which are
non-membrane-permeable and thus only activate proton pumps with outward-facing
ATP-binding domain (Fig. 1A) (12). ....... whereas controls peformed
without Mg2+, ATP, or AHA2R showed non response (fig.
S6D)."(D.Stamou et al., Direct
observation of proton pumping by a eukaryotic P-type ATPase, Science
351, 25 Mar. 2016, 1470, cf. Y. Gao & W.Yang,
Capture of a third Mg2+ is essential for catalyzing DNA synthesis, Science
352, 10 June 2016, 1334-1337 - this tip citation is added on 13.09.2017 by Prof.
Y.K.Kim). About water as a proton donor, no
reference may be provided from the water fuel cellulose cells to the following
critical report: "...., water acts simultaneously as a promoter and as a
catalyst in the production of Li2O2, regenerating itself
through a sequence of steps that include the formation and recombination of H+
and OH-."(N.M. Markovic et al.,
Water as a Promoter and Catalyst for Dioxygen Electrochemistry in Aqueous and
Organic Media, ACS Catalysis, 2015, 5, 6601), for the consuming of H2O
or D2O has been evidently observed by a
new generating outwards of waters (07 May 2016. unpublished). As in a
summary review (Nature 491, 15 Nov. 2012, 374-383) and other
studies, if the decline in electron transport chain and deficiency of ATP
production have "been linked to numerous human disorders, ranging from
rare genetic syndromes to commom diseases, such as
neurodegeneration, cancer, and diabetes, as well as the aging process
itself" (Science, Vol 352, Issue 6282, 8 April 2016, 231- 235), the
simple proton pumping instrument as suggested by our research institute might
be acutely available for the future healthy life of the human beings
against the threathening of numerous human
sufferings including the abruptly infectious diseases. Nevertheless,
at least now, it is suggested that no man should treat the redox balance in the
chemical reactions and the problems of the standard reduction potentials
without considering the conditions of the proton hopping or pumping of the
water molecules (21 May 2016)(Prof. Y.K.Kim). A
recent example of the wound healing tested by the textile-based electric
bandage patterned with silver and zinc polka dots (see Tien, Bandage zaps
biofilm infections, C & EN, November 13, 2017, 9) may be accounted for an
evident application pertaining to the proton pumping device activating ATP
production with the innermost absorbed water of bodies( by Prof. Y.K.Kim, November 24, 2017). See also the bustling
activities of mitochondria as energy distributors inside the flexible cells
(07.11. 2018, Prof. Y.K.Kim)
New Energy Source: Water Fuel Cellulose Cell (Water Fuel Paper Cell)
On 23 May, 2012, the research
institute firstly achieved in
running a DC motor by supplying only the daily water upon 3 sheets (11 x 11
cm)of the natural cellulose papers. At the Summer Education Program of
2011, the research institute introduced the technology of the non-catalytic
water fuel cellulose cell advanced from the non-catalytic water fuel polymer
cell, which was invented in 2008 and has been presented in the educational
programs for the Christian family since 2009. But the most modules of cells has
failed in running a DC motor on account of the feeble production of electric
currents. In the recent experiments, Prof.Young Kyu Kim achieved in running a DC motor by using a new
electrode and the wider, natural cellulose papers.(06 June, 2012). See applications
of the water fuel paper cell(12 V) for the daily life (15.06.2013). See
also I-V
curve & power graph of the water fuel paper cells assembled
with magnesium cathodes(11.5x23 cm) coated by the corrosion-resistant
material, as generated by supply of extremely pure water(22.01.2014). On
this device to product electricity directly from water molecules by
irreversible proton pumping without electrolysis processing, a first patent in
the world timeline of invention and technology is recently granted (Nr. 10-1398077)(15.05.2014). See a new recent article
about the - like an atomic-scale bucket brigade(C & EN, V.93, Issue 12, p.6, March 23, 2015)-proton pumping of the so-called hydroxyl holes within our cellulose
polymer for the non-catalytic water fuel cellulose cell: Franz M.Geiger et al., Aqueous proton transfer across
single-layer graphene, Nature Communications (17 Mar
2015)(DOI:10.1038/ncomms7539) (23.03.2015) and the chemical explanation
papers (especially 1-1-2011-5030662-53, 14 Oct.2011) of Prof. Young Kyu Kim on the same theory previously offered to the
Korean Patent Office (25.03.2015). See the recent application examples of the
non-catalytic water fuel cellulose cells (12V) for power source of the aquaponic cycle, as exhibited in the
International Materials & Components Industry Show 2015 (Aug. 19-21,
2015) and another
example for aquarium (05 Sept.2015) and for LEDs (23
March 2016). Cf. a recent report on the OH defect sites promoting the high
mobility of protons also in the similar principle: Munehiro
Inukai et al., Encapsulating Mobile Proton Carriers
into Structural Defects in Coordination Polymer Crystals: High Anhydrous Proton
Conduction and Fuel Cell Application (J.Am.Chem.Soc.,
Article ASAP, DOI:10.1021/jacs6b03625, Pub. Date (Web): June 21,2016 (02 July
2016, Prof. Y.K.Kim). As in case of the
hydrogen peroxide fuel cellulose cell, it is so lightly demonstrated that
the hydrogen fuel cell can be also operated by nanocellulose
membranes: Thomas Bayer et al, High Temperature Proton Conduction in Nanocellulose Membranes: Paper Fuel Cells, Chemistry
Materials, 2016, 28(13), pp 4805-4814. However, the critical task remains
now still laborious, how the submolecular or
subatomic mechanism in the metallic catalysis like that of platinum can be
explained (05 September 2016, corrected
on 25 November 2016, Prof. Y.K.Kim). A nearby answer
to the subatomic mechanism of metallic catalysis is offered by a recent article
(J.H.K.Pfisterer et al., Direct instrumental
identification of catalytically active surface sites, Nature 549, 7
September 2017, 74-77), in which the strong noise sites are explored being
detected so in the defects or boundary locations of the metallic difference of
electronegative potentials, as in the sites
of dramatic noises having been observed due to the same metallic difference
of electronegative potentials in the hydroxyl (OH) holes of the cellulose
(Added on 16. 09. 2017 by Prof. Y.K.Kim). According
to results of the recent research, it is suggested that the breakdown of
electrons can take place a few hundreds of zeptoseconds
(with regard to the not-proved Lyman limit of photoemission - added on 16. 09.
2017 by Prof. Y.K.Kim) ~ a few tens of attoseconds prior to or faster (cf. C.Palatchi
et al., Atomic delay in helium, neon, argon and krypton, J.Phys. B.: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 47, 03 December
2014, 2450003: ".... cannot determine the absolute [time] delay difference
between atoms due to lack of precise knowledge of the initial
conditions.": Added on 12. 09. 2017, Prof. Y.K.Kim) than the hopping or pumping of protons, cf. M.Osiander et al., Attosecond
correlation dynamics, Nature Physics, Published online 07 November 2016,
DOI: 10.1038/nphys3941 and B.Wolter et al.,
Ultrafast electron diffraction imaging of bond breaking in di-ionized acetylene,
Science 354, issue 6310, 21 Oct. 2016, 308-311 (24 November 2016, Prof. Y.K.Kim).
Since 2011(2009) by now (2019),
however, the Korean Intellectual Property Office of the Korean Government has
rejected the non-catalytic water fuel cellulose cell to enroll as a new
invention in their inventory lists, because of the following reasons, d. h.
that the proton pumping cellulose paper will be the same as separator paper in
the Volta battery (A), the purest water in B and C be the same as a electrolyte like the salt
water in A, and the coating technology of C on the cathode coated by the Teflon
resin be not a new technology, which has been generally used for the
electrochemical corrosion resistance on the electrodes. Although two inventions
(B and C) are of the same inventor, moreover, it should be rejected because the
invention of C is only the imitation of the previous opened invention of B. If
one should be confronted with these scandalous resolutions of the officers, no
one might want to enroll as a new invention of the Korean inventory lists about
his own invention.
(25 January 2019, written by Prof. Y.K.Kim).
(This
unpublished figure of Prof. Y.K.Kim had been opened
partly in the preprint of his oral presentation (2011) and offered
for the Korean patent office, Korean patent court and newspaper offices in the
details. FIB data had been offered by Jy Young Lee,
and TEM data by Jong Min Kim both from the Korea Institute of Science and
Technology, 2009 )
(Jul.11,2005) |
(Jul.11,2005) |
(Aug.11,2006) |
Environmentally Friendly Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources (Educational Program for the Christian Family): A 'Tulip'(A Symbol of the Dort Synod) model of the high-efficient solar cells and manufacture of their module |
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Environmentally Friendly Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources (Educational Program for the Christian Family): Car Model of Hysolar Energy Sources |
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While the car model of hysolar energy sources moved, supplied by the hydrogen gas generated in the second hydrogen fuel cell by the solar power, this is an experiment example of the non-catalytic water fuel polymer cell producing the electricity by the supply of pure, non-acidic water basically via the strong placidity of the narrow lattice structure of the polymer without generating the hydrogen or oxygen gas as follows(March 03, 2012). 2H2O(l) ㅡ> 4e- + 4H+(aq) + O2(aq) H2O(l) + e-(cellulose) ㅡ> H(cellulose) + OH-(aq) 4OH-(aq) ㅡ> 4e- + O2(aq)+2H2O(l) O2(aq)+ 4H+(aq) ㅡ> 2H2O(l) including other reactions (cf. Al(s) + 3H2O(l) ㅡ> 6e- + Al2O3(s) + 6H+(aq)), which are feeble.(Sept.08, 2012) Cf. IV curve and power graph in detail (March 06. 2014). |
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Voltage(3.49V-0.02mA ?!) of a module of 10x8 cells (Jan.30,2009) |
Application example of solar car air conditioning system (Aug.19,2008) |
The first revolutionary NCWP-DC generator(cf. a photo from the Christian Reformed Press, Sept.13, 2008, p.5) or Non-Catalytic Water Fuel Polymer Cell in the world timeline of invention and technology. a new promising, so much cheap energy source as a key hope in the global energy crisis (Oct.31,2008). |
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High efficiency(5.01V-0.06mA ?!) of the same module of 10x8 cells (3.49V- 0.02mA ?!) in 100℃ humidity (Feb.02,2009) |
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